Second Conditional - Third Unit

INTRODUCTION

The Second Conditional is used to talk about 'impossible' situations.

Ø  If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park.

Ø  If I had millions dollars, I'd give a lot to charity.

Ø  If there were no hungry people in this world, it would be a much better place.

Ø  If everyone had clean water to drink, there would be a lot less disease.

 

Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'. (Some people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct' .)

Ø  If she were happy in her job, she wouldn't be looking for another one.

Ø  If I lived in Japan, I'd have sushi every day.

Ø  If they were to enter our market, we'd have big problems.

Ø  Note the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice.

Ø  If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.

Ø  If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more qualifications.

Ø  The Second Conditional is also used to talk about 'unlikely' situations.

Ø  If I went to China, I'd visit the Great Wall.

Ø  If I was the President, I'd reduce taxes.

Ø  If you were in my position, you'd understand.

Note that the choice between the first and the second conditional is often a question of the speaker's attitude rather than of facts. Compare these examples. Otto thinks these things are possible, Peter doesn't.

Ø  Otto – If I win the lottery, I'll buy a big house.

Ø  Peter – If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house.

Ø  Otto – If I get promoted, I'll throw a big party.

Ø  Peter – If I got promoted, I'd throw a big party.

Ø  Otto – If my team win the Cup, I'll buy champagne for everybody.

Ø  Peter – If my team won the Cup, I'd buy champagne for everybody.

 Note that the main clause can contain 'would' 'could' or 'might.

Ø  If I had the chance to do it again, I would do it differently.

Ø  If we met up for lunch, we could go to that new restaurant.

Ø  If I spoke to him directly, I might be able to persuade him.

 Also note that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken.

Ø  What would I do without you? ("if you weren't here")

Ø  Where would I get one at this time of night? ("if I wanted one")

Ø  He wouldn't agree. ("if I asked him")

 

Note that the 'If clause' can contain the past simple or the past continuous.

Ø  If I was still working in Brighton, I would commute by train.

Ø  If she were coming, she would be here by now.

Ø  If they were thinking of selling, I would want to buy.

 

Exercises

Ø  If we (have) a yacht, we (sail) the seven seas.

Ø  If he (have) more time, he (learn) karate.

Ø  If they (tell) their father, he (be) very angry.

Ø  She (spend) a year in the USA if it (be) easier to get a green card.

Ø  If I (live) on a lonely island, I (run) around naked all day.

Ø  We (help) you if we (know) how.

Ø  My brother (buy) a sports car if he (have) the money.

Ø  If I (feel) better, I (go) to the cinema with you.

Ø  If you (go) by bike more often, you (be / not) so flabby.

Ø  She (not / talk) to you if she (be) mad at you.

 

Ø  If you (send) this letter now, she (receive) it tomorrow.

Ø  If I (do) this test, I (improve) my English.

Ø  If I (find) your ring, I (give) it back to you.

Ø  Peggy (go) shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon.

Ø  Simon (go) to London next week if he (get) a cheap flight.

Ø  If her boyfriend (phone / not) today, she (leave) him.

Ø  If they (study / not) harder, they (pass / not) the exam.

Ø  If it (rain) tomorrow, I (have to / not) water the plants.

Ø  You (be able/ not) to sleep if you (watch) this scary film.

Ø  Susan (can / move / not) into the new house if it (be / not) ready on time.

 

Phrasal Verbs- Third Unit

Guide To Test

"WILL"

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION

The Simple future time is used precisely to discuss actions to be carried out in the future.

FUNCTION

Its main function is to express a promise, a prediction, or anything you want to do in the future.

The future with "will" is used to discuss decisions that are taken as he speaks.

SPECIAL  FEATURE

In English there are no verbs in the future, but will add that, in future become the verb that follows it: I will come to see youtonight.Will"

EXAMPLES

Will she study?  Estudiará (ella)?

Will it work? ¿Funcionará? (Ello)

I won't work . Yo no trabajaré.

 It won't work.  (Ello) No funcionará.

EXERCISES

She____________ study .                          Ella no estudiará.

____________ read?                                 Leer   (ella)?

____________ work?                                 ¿Trabajaré?

"PRESENT PROGRESIVE"

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION

The present progressive is formed by combining the verb "to be" with the present participle. (The present participle is merely the "-ing" form of a verb.)

Present progressive to say something like "We are going to Spain this summer." Use present progressive only for actions that are "in progress."

Progressive times ("progressive tenses" or "continuous tenses") express the "progress" or development of an action in agiven time..

FUNCTION

Its function is to use temporary actions that are happening now or in the present, where the action of which should be largeenough to be able to comment, you must also have a beginning and an end.

SPECIAL FEATURE

Normally, simply "ing" is added to the verb to form the main verb (called "present participle" by some and so "-ing" by others). Dual consonant In single syllable verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, "sit" = "sitting". In verbs ending in a vowel, a consonant and "e", you remove the "e" and replaced with "ing", "write" = "writing", "rate" = "rating", "like" = "liking". 

In order to form the present progressive, you must know how to conjugate the verb to be, and how to form the present participle. You already know how to conjugate the verb be:

EXAMPLES

Estoy hablando.
I am speaking.

Juan está comiendo.
John is eating.

María está escribiendo una carta.
Mary is writing a letter.

.

"BE GOING TO"

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION

The Future Tense with "going to" is most commonly used in spoken language when you want to reference the immediate future, that is, something is about to happen.

FUNCTION

Its function is to make the nearest future actions and planned.
It is used to mean general predictions.
To express the intention to perform some action in the future is already decided.
To predict future events based on a present evidence.

SPECIAL FEATURE

It is used to talk about future plans or that you intend to do something.

We also use this time to talk about the immediate future; something is about to happen. could say in this example we discuss predictions based on the obvious.

EXAMPLES

I'm going to visit a friend near Bogota.
Visitaré (Tengo intenciones de visitar) a un amigo cerca de Bogotá.

Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
Mira esas nubes. Lloverá. (Va a llover.)

She is going to pay with a credit card

 Ella va a pagar con una tarjeta de crédito (algo que está por ocurrir).

I am going to drop off my prescription over there

Voy a dejar mi prescripción médica allá.

.

I’m going to learn English

 voy a aprender inglés.

I am going to leave for Asia next month.
Voy a partir a Asia el mes que viene.

We are going to watch a movie on TV tonight.
Vamos a ver una película en la televisión a la noche.

The company is going to raise its prices next summer.
La compañía va a subir los precios el próximo mes.

 EXERCISES

I _____________ leave for Asia next month.
Voy a partir a Asia el mes que viene.

We _______________ watch a movie on TV tonight.
Vamos a ver una película en la televisión a la noche.

The company ____________ raise its prices next summer.
La compañía va a subir los precios el próximo mes.

“Zero Conditional: certainty”

We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.

Take some ice. Put it in a saucepan. Heat the saucepan. What happens? The ice melts (it becomes water). You would be surprised if it did not.

IF	Condition	Result
	present simple	present simple
If	you heat ice	it melts.

Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking about a simple fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the condition. We also use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result.

We can also use when instead of if, for example: When I get up late I miss my bus.

Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF	Condition	Result
	present simple	present simple
If	I miss the 8 o'clock bus	I am late for work.
If	I am late for work	my boss gets angry.
If	people don't eat	they get hungry.
If	you heat ice	does it melt?

Result	IF	Condition
present simple		present simple
I am late for work	if	I miss the 8 o'clock bus.
My boss gets angry	if	I am late for work.
People get hungry	if	they don't eat.
Does ice melt	if	you heat it?

“First Conditional: Real possibility”

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?

IF	Condition	Result
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	it rains	I will stay at home.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):

IF	Condition	Result
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	I see Mary	I will tell her.
If	Tara is free tomorrow	he will invite her.
If	they do not pass their exam	their teacher will be sad.
If	it rains tomorrow	will you stay at home?
If	it rains tomorrow	what will you do?

Result	IF	Condition
WILL + base verb	if	present simple
I will tell Mary	if	I see her.
He will invite Tara	if	she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad	if	they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home	if	it rains tomorrow?
What will you do	if	it rains tomorrow?

REFERENCES

http://www.gcfaprendelibre.org/ingles/curso/ingles_avanzado/oraciones_en_futuro_en_ingles/2.do

http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/active-voice/future-going-to.php

http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omgrammar/goingto.htm

http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/main-verbs/will.php

http://www.gcfaprendelibre.org/ingles/curso/ingles_avanzado/oraciones_en_futuro_en_ingles/2.do