Suffix

A suffix is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways:

Ø  Inflectional (grammatical): for example, changing singular to plural (dog > dogs), or changing present tense to past tense (walk > walked). In this case, the basic meaning of the word does not change.

Ø  Derivational (the new word has a new meaning, "derived" from the original word): for example, teach > teacher or care > careful.

VERB	SUFFIX	NEW WORD
Short Intense Memory	-en -ify,-fy -ize,ise	Shorten Intensify Memorise
NOUN
Intelligent Write Tour National Improve Ill Relation Connect	-ance,-ence -er, -or -ist -ity, -ty -ment -ness -Ship -sion, tion	Intelligence Writer Tourist Nationality Improvement Illnes Relationship Connection
ADJECTIVE
Admire Care Biology Danger Tall Attract Dirt	-able,ible -ful -ic,ical -ious,-ous -ish -ive -y	Admirable Careful Biological Dangerous Tallish Attractive Dirty

Favorite Landscap

Description: Very representative of the cartoon image, and we can see in this picture is the famous rock of the King, beautiful landscape, representing somehow the purity and be face to face with nature, is somewhat incredible, is perfectly to this place, there is, but to see the trail and Prairie transmit tranquillity, its trees, hope, the nuances, the whole of this image produces motivation, even dare I say that the theory of color is very well applied.

Justification: This landscape chose it because throughout my childhood I grew up watching his movies, this for my represents symbol of leadership that the King has with its community, animals, even during the films is quite noticeable the message that all are worth the same, which is worth both the life of the Ant as the elephant or the King in this casejust to see the image reminds me of all that, and as much as I see it, I cannot appreciate the landscape.

Guide to test-Draft 1

"WILL"

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION

The Simple future time is used precisely to discuss actions to be carried out in the future.

FUNCTION

Its main function is to express a promise, a prediction, or anything you want to do in the future.

The future with "will" is used to discuss decisions that are taken as he speaks.

SPECIALFEATURE

In English there are no verbs in the future, but will add that, in future become the verb that follows it: I will come to see you tonight.Will"

EXAMPLES

Will I work? - ¿Trabajaré?

Will she study?  Estudiará (ella)?

Will it work? ¿Funcionará? (Ello)

I won't work . Yo no trabajaré.

 She won't study . Ella no estudiará.

It won't work. (Ello) No funcionará.

REFERENCES

http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/main-verbs/will.php

http://www.gcfaprendelibre.org/ingles/curso/ingles_avanzado/oraciones_en_futuro_en_ingles/2.do

"PRESENT PROGRESIVE"

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION

The present progressive is formed by combining the verb "to be" with the present participle. (The present participle is merely the "-ing" form of a verb.)

Present progressive to say something like "We are going to Spain this summer." Use present progressive only for actions that are "in progress."

Progressive times ("progressive tenses" or "continuous tenses") express the "progress" or development of an action in a given time..

FUNCTION

Its function is to use temporary actions that are happening now or in the present, where the action of which should be large enough to be able to comment, you must also have a beginning and an end.

SPECIAL FEATURE

Normally, simply "ing" is added to the verb to form the main verb (called "present participle" by some and so "-ing" by others). Dual consonant In single syllable verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, "sit" = "sitting". In verbs ending in a vowel, a consonant and "e", you remove the "e" and replaced with "ing", "write" = "writing", "rate" = "rating", "like" = "liking".
In order to form the present progressive, you must know how to conjugate the verb to be, and how to form the present participle. You already know how to conjugate the verb be:

EXAMPLES

Estoy hablando.
I am speaking.

Juan está comiendo.
John is eating.

María está escribiendo una carta.
Mary is writing a letter.

REFERENCES

http://blogpara-aprenderingles.blogspot.mx/2012/08/repasando-el-presente-progresivo-en.html

http://abcingles.net/presente_progresivo.php

http://www.madridteacher.com/Grammar/presente-continuo.htm

 

"BE GOING TO"

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION

The Future Tense with "going to" is most commonly used in spoken language when you want to reference the immediate future, that is, something is about to happen.

FUNCTION

Its function is to make the nearest future actions and planned.
It is used to mean general predictions.
To express the intention to perform some action in the future is already decided.
To predict future events based on a present evidence.

SPECIAL FEATURE

It is used to talk about future plans or that you intend to do something.

We also use this time to talk about the immediate future; something is about to happen. could say in this example we discuss predictions based on the obvious.

EXAMPLES

I'm going to visit a friend near Bogota.
Visitaré (Tengo intenciones de visitar) a un amigo cerca de Bogotá.

Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
Mira esas nubes. Lloverá. (Va a llover.)

She is going to pay with a credit card

 Ella va a pagar con una tarjeta de crédito (algo que está por ocurrir).

I am going to drop off my prescription over there

Voy a dejar mi prescripción médica allá.

I’m going to learn English

 voy a aprender inglés.

I am going to leave for Asia next month.
Voy a partir a Asia el mes que viene.

We are going to watch a movie on TV tonight.
Vamos a ver una película en la televisión a la noche.

The company is going to raise its prices next summer.
La compañía va a subir los precios el próximo mes.

REFERENCES

http://www.gcfaprendelibre.org/ingles/curso/ingles_avanzado/oraciones_en_futuro_en_ingles/2.do

http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/active-voice/future-going-to.php

http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omgrammar/goingto.htm

 

Guide

Learner’s name:    TINAJERO   RAMOS   GERALDINE   EDUARDO

Group:  6IV03

Date:     february 25th, 2014

Reported Speech

1.- What is reported speech?

If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.

2.- Uses of reported  speech

Quotation marks show that somebody else's voice is entering your writing. However, when you want to use your own writing voice to report what somebody said, you don't need the quotation marks. Instead, you need to set the other person's words at a distance. This means pushing them away in both time and space.

"I don't understand this punctuation," Gerardo moaned.
Gerardo moaned that he didn't understand that punctuation.

The teacher responded, "Don't worry. It will get easier as you practice."
The teacher told him not to worry and that it would get easier as he practiced.

As the sentences move from direct quotation to indirect reported speech, notice the changes marked in italics. The following rules govern the punctuation and structure changes of reported speech.

3.- features

Reported speech is the form we use to speak about what others tell us. Think about your day with other friends, co-workers and family. It's quite common to tell others what someone else has told you. Here are a few examples:

Jane: Mary told me she was going to the mall this afternoon to buy some clothes. She said she wanted to get a new dress and a few other things.

Peter: Oh, maybe she'll see John. He told me he needed to stop in at computer store to get something fixed.

In this conversation, both Jane and Peter report what their friends have told them about their days. Notice that we commonly use the verbs "say" and "tell" when using the reported speech. However, there are also other reporting verbs used in order to report conversations. Study the examples and rules below to learn how to use the reported speech in everyday conversations. Practice using this form with the reported speech worksheet that provides a quick review and exercise. There's also a reported speech quiz which provides immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. Teachers can use this guide on how to teach reported speech for help introducing the reported speech, as well as a reported speech lesson plan and other resources.

Reported speech refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.

If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original.

For example:

He said the test was difficult.

She said she watched TV every day.

Jack said he came to school every day.

If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained.

For example:

He says the test is difficult.

She has said that she watches TV every day.

Jack will say that he comes to school every day.

If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.

Bibliography and   References:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech

http://esl.about.com/od/grammarintermediate/a/reported_speech.htm

Direct Speech

What language functions can be reported?

Recent studies have shown how reported speech can work in interaction, giving participants a way of dealing with possible tensions and signalling intended frames. This paper proposes a taxonomy of functions for direct reports of speech (and of writing and thought) in focus group discussions. Reported speech always suggests a shift in frame, and that shift can focus attention on the setting factuality, speaker's position, or the words themselves (or on several of these aspects at once). Reported speech both depicts the experience of the original utterance, and detaches the reported utterance from the reporting speaker; so within each of these categories, reported speech can have a range of functions from an emphasis on direct experience to an emphasis on detachment. Focus groups differ from some comparable group discussions in several ways, but they can serve as a guide to the ways participants in other kinds of group discussions might use reported speech to orient to other members of the group and to the purpose of the discussion.

Direct Speech	→	Reported Speech
Present	→	Past
"I work in Argentina"		He said that he worked in Argentina
"I am doing my job"		He said that he was doing his job
Past	→	Past Perfect
"We saw a good film on TV"		He said they had seen a good film on TV.
"I was dancing with Mary"		He said he had been dancing with Mary
Present Perfect	→	Past Perfect
"I have done this before"		She said that she had done that before
"I have been doing this for two years"		He said that he had been doing that for two years
Future	→	Conditional
"I will visit my mother"		He said that he would visit his mother
"I will be flying to Spain"		He said that he would be flying to Spain
Future Perfect	→	Conditional Perfect
"I will have arrived there by 5 pm"		He said he would have arrived here by 5 pm
"I will have been selling books for two years"		He said that he would have been sellingbooks for two years

What /which reporting verbs do we use to those funtions?

Function and strength	Example verbs
NEUTRAL: verbs used to say what the writer describes in factual terms, demonstrates, refers to, and discusses, and verbs used to explain his/her methodology.	describe, show, reveal, study, demonstate, note, point out, indicate, report, observe, assume, take into consideration, examine, go on to say that, state, believe (unless this is a strong belief), mention, etc.
TENTATIVE: verbs used to say what the writer suggests or speculates on (without being absolutely certain).	suggest, speculate, intimate, hypothesise, moot, imply, propose, recommend, posit the view that, question the view that, postulate, etc.
STRONG: verbs used to say what the writer makes strong arguments and claims for.	argue, claim, emphasise, contend, maintain, assert, theorize, support the view that, deny, negate, refute, reject, challenge, strongly believe that, counter the view/argument that, etc.